BSc in CSE (Regular)

Data and Information; Background of data processing; Brief history and types of computers; application areas, Working principle of small computer; Hardware component. I/0 and memory unit, CPU peripheral devices, single, multi-user systems, software classification; system and application software, Operating system important components and basic functions o disk operating system. Problem solving techniques, algorithm specification and development Program style, debugging. Documentation program design methodologies, structure and modular program design. Programming Language and paradigms; Classification assembler; Programming style, debugging, documentation, program design methodologies and modular program design.

Semiconductor Diodes: Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors, Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, P-type and N-type semiconductors, PN Junction, Diode characteristics, Zenar diode. Photodiode, Light emitting diode, Liquid crystal display. Diode Applications: Diode as a half wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers. Dipolar Junction transistor (BJT) : BJT amplifying action. Different configurations of BJT and their characteristics. Operation points and load line. Field effect transistor (FET): FET construction. Different configurations of JFET and characteristics. MOSFET construction. Characteristics of MOSFET, DC biasing of BJT & FET. SCR, DIAC and Triac. Transistor Equipment circuits: Generalized small single hybrid model of CE, CB & CC amplifiers. Amplifier circuit: Classification of amplifiers. BJT small signal CE amplifier with emitter by pass capacitor, input and output coupling capacitors. Frequency response of amplifiers. Bandwidth and gain-bandwidth product. Design of CE BJT amplifier. Multistage amplifiers, different methods of coupling RC, Transformer of Direct coupled amplifiers, Compound pair amplifiers. Feedback amplifiers: Feedback concept, negative & positive feedback, effect of Feedback. Different types of negative feedback amplifiers and their characteristics. Operational amplifier: Basic differential amplifier. Common mode rejection. The ideal Op Amp parameters. Applications of Op Amp. Inverting and non- Inverting amplifiers unity-gain buffer, summing amplifier, active filters.

Differential Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability, Successive differentiation of various types of functions. Leibniz’s theorem. Rolle’s theorem. Mean value theorem in finite and infinite forms. Lagrange’s form of remainder Cauchy’s form of remainder’s expansion of functions. Evaluation of indeterminate forms by L’Hospitals rule. Partial differentiation. Euler’s theorem. Tangent and Normal. Sub tangent and subnormal in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Maximum and minimum values of function of single variable. Points of inflexion. Curvature, Radius of curvature, center of curvature. Asymptotes, Curve tracing. Co-ordinate Geometry: Transformation of co-ordinates axes and its uses. Equation of conics and its reduction of standard forms. Pair of straight lines. Homogeneous equations of second degree. Angle between the pair of straight lines. Pair of lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of two given Curves, Circles, System of circles and limiting Points, Equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in Cartesian and polar co=ordinates. Tangents and normal, pair or tangents, Chord of contact, Chord in terms of its middle points, pole and polar parametric co-ordinates. Diameters. Conjugate diameters and their properties. Director circles and asymptotes.

English phonetics: The places and manners of articulation of the English sounds. Vocabulary, English grammar: construction of sentences; some grammatical problems. Comprehension. Paragraph writing precise writing, Amplification. Report writing. Business Communication and tenders. Short stories written by some well known classic writers Dialogue. Essay writing. Listening & conversational English skill.

1. Business: Its evolution. Nature, environment & opportunities, its role in national & international economy. Institutions for furtherance of business, chamber of commerce, FBCCL, EPZ BOL, SCIC, TCB. 2. Legal forms of business ownership: Sole proprietorship, partnership and corporations. Management & organization 3. The environment of business: Social, cultural, economic and political, role of government, buyers, stakeholders, consumerism, free-market economy. 4. Ethical aspects of Business: Social responsibility of management, government regulation of competition 5. Management &HRD: Marking team work possible, Employee selection & Training, Employee compensation. Labor problems and legislations; 6. Quantitative controls for decision making & Finance: 7. Physical factors & Marketing: Location & Layout, Purchasing and Inventory control methods & problems. Marketing mix, functions of marketing, sales promotion. Computer & Information Technology case method of teaching. 8. One comprehensive case.

Programming concepts; Program development stages; Flow charts; number systems; binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems; Structured programming language; data types, operators, expressions, control structures; Functions and program structure; function basics, parameter passing conventions, scope rules and storage classes, recursion; Header files; Preprocessor; Pointers and arrays; User defined data types; structures; unions. Enumerations; Input and Output; standard input and output, formatted input and output. File access; Variable length argument list; command line parameters; Error Handling; Graphics

Integral Calculus: Definitions of integration. Integration by the method of substitution. Integration by parts. Standard integrals, its properties and user of summing series. Walli’s formula Improper integrals, Beta function and gamma functions. Area under a plane curve in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Area of the region enclosed by the two curves in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Trapezoidal rule. Simpson’s rule. Area lengths of curves in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates – parametric and pedal equations. Intrinsic equations. Volumes of solids of revolution. Volume of hollow solids of revolutions by shell method. Area of surface of revolution. Jecobian. Multiple integrals & its applications. Ordinary Differential Equation: Degree and order of ordinary differential equations. Formation of differential equations. Solution of first order differential equations by various methods. Solution of first order but higher degree ODE. Solution of general linear equations of second and higher order with constant co-efficient. Solution of homogeneous linear equations and its application. Solutions of differential equations higher order when dependent and independent variables are absent. Solution of differential equation by the methods based on factorization of operators.

Number systems and codes; Digital logic; Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s Theorems, logic gates and their truth tables. Canonical forms. Combinational logic circuits, minimization techniques; Arithmetic and data handling logic circuits, decoders and encoders, multiplexers and de-multiplexers; combinational circuit design; Flip-flops. Race around problems; Counters; asynchronous PLA design; Synchronous and asynchronous logic design; State diagram, Mealy and Moore machines; State minimizations and assignments; Pulse mode logic; Fundamental mode design.

1. Continued study of grammar with emphasis on structures. 2. Continued work on analytic reading and on fluency and control of the writing process. 3. Emphasis on sentence structure, Organization, paragraphing coherence and cohesion. 4. Development of expressive, persuasive and referential writing with emphasis on planning, Organization, cohesion and coherence. 5. Letter writing 6. Report writing 7. Employing appropriate mechanism of formal speech. 8. Project work. 9. Participating in small group discussions and seminars.

Heat &Thermodynamics: Temperature and zeroth low of thermodynamics. Thermometers; constant volume, platinum resistance, thermocouple. First low of thermodynamics and its application, molar specific heats of gases, isothermal and adiabatic relations. Work done by a gas, Kinetic theory of gases; explanation of gas laws, kinetic interpretation of temperature, equipartition of energy and calculation of ration of specific heats, mean free path, Vander Waals equation of state, second low of thermodynamics; reversible and irreversible processes Camot cycle, efficiency, Camot’s theorem entropy. Structure of Matter: States of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Classification of solids: amorphous, crystalline, ceramics & polymer. Atomic arrangement in solids. Different types of bonds in solid: metallic, Vander Waals, covalent and ionic bond., packing in solids. Interatomic distances and forces of equilibrium x-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law. Plasticity and elasticity. Distinction between metal, insulator and semiconductor. Waves & Oscillations: Oscillations: Simple harmonic motion. Damped simple harmonic oscillations, forced oscillations, resonance vibrations of membrane & columns. Combination & composition of simple harmonic motions, Lissajous figures. Transverse and longitudinal nature of waves, traveling & standing waves, intensity of wave, energy calculation of progressive & stationary waves, phase velocity, group velocity. Sound waves: velocity of longitudinal wave in gaseous medium. Doppler effect. Architectural acoustics; Sabine’s formula, requisites of a good auditorium. Physical Optics: Theories of light: Huygens principle and construction Interference of light; Young’s double slit experiment, Fresnel bi-prism., Newton’s ring. Interferometers. Diffraction of light: Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, diffraction by single-by-single slit. Diffraction by double slit. Diffraction gratings. Polarization. Production and analysis of polarized light, optical activity. Optics of crystals.

Introduction to semiconductors, p-type and n-type semiconductors; p-n junction diode characteristics; Diode applications; half and full wave rectifiers, clipping and clamping circuits. Regulated rower supply using zener diode. Fundamental electrical concepts and measuring units D.C. voltage. Current, resistance and power, Laws of electrical circuits and methods of network analysis Principle of D.C measuring apparatus, laws of magnetic fields and methods of simple magnetic circuits, Alternatives current: instantaneous and r.m.s current voltage and power average power for various combinations of R.L and C circuits. Phasor representation of sinusoidal quantities. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): principle of operation l-v characteristics; Transistor circuit configurations (CE,CB,CC) BJT biasing load lines; BJT at low frequencies; Hybrid model. h parameters simplified hybrid model; small-signal analysis of single and multi-stage amplifies, frequency response of BJT amplifier. Field Effects Transistor (FET): principle of operation of JFET and MOSFET; Depletion and enhancement type NMOS and PMOS: biasing of FETs; Low and high frequency models of FETs Switching circuits using FETs introduction to CMOS. Operational amplifiers (OPAMP) : linear applications of OPAMPs gain, input and output impedances, active filters, frequency response and noise Introduction to feedback, Oscillators, Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR), TRIAC, DIAC and UJT: characteristics and applications; Introduction to IC fabrication processes.

Philosophy Object Oriented Programming (OOP); Advantages of OOP over structured programming; Encapsulation. Classes and objects. Access specifies. Static and non-static members; constructors destructors and copy constructors; Array of object, object pointers and object references; Inheritance; single and multiple inheritance; Polymorphism; overloading, abstract classes, virtual functions and overriding Exceptions; Object Oriented l/0; Template functions and classes; Multithreaded programming.

Some basic concepts of government and politics; Functions, organs and forms of modern state and government; Socialism, Fascism, Marxism. Government and politics of Bangladesh; Some major administrative systems of developed countries; local self-government; Some major aspects of international policies.

Introduction to Java- Features of java- Object Oriented Concepts –lexical Issues- Data Types- Variables-Arrays- Operators-Control Statements. Classes- objects – Constructors – Overloading method – Access Control – Object as Argument, Returning Object – Inner Classes- String Class-Inheritance – Overriding methods – Using super- Abstract class. Packages – access Protection – Importing Packages – Interfaces – Exception Handing – Throw and Throws. Abstract Window Toolkit, Applet, Import Images, Graphics.

Internal data representation, Abstract data types, Elementary data structures; Arrays, lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, heaps, Advanced data Structures; Heaps, Fibonacci Heaps, B-tree.

Set theory, relations; Functions; vectors and matrices; graph theory; planar graphs and trees; Directed graphs and Binary trees; Combination analysis; Algebraic Systems; language, Grammars and Automata; Ordered sets and lattices; Propositional |Calculus; Boolean Algebra, Logic Gates; Lattice and group theory; cyclic groups, permutation groups, symmetry groups; quotients; homomorphism; basic structure theory. Set and combinatorial, Prepositional and redicate logic, mathematical reasoning and proof techniques. Theories with induction. Counting and count ability. Graphs and trees. Relations and function. Morphemes of algebraic structures. Modeling computation. Program correctness and verification.

Vectors in Rn (Euclidean Space) Different operations of Vactors. Dot product, Cross Products, Norm and Distance in RN. Cauch – Schwarz theorem. Minkowaski’s Inequality Linear Equations. Systems of liner equations and their solutions. Solutions of homogeneous system of liner equations. Matrices, Different operations of Matrices, Transpose, Square matrices, Augmented Matrix, Invertible Matrix, Vector Spaces and subspaces, Linear Combinations. Linear Dependence and Independence on vector space Basis and dimensions Rank of matrices, Co-ordinates. Linear mapping, Different types of Mapping, Isomorphism Kernel and image of linear mapping Singular and non-Singular mapping Determinants. Properties of Determinants minors and co- factors, Classical adjoint. Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Complex Variable: Complex number system; General functions of a complex variable; Limits and continuity of a function of complex variable and related theorems; Complex differentiation and the Cauchy Riemann Equations; Mapping by elementary functions; Line integral of a complex function; Cauchy’s integral Theorem; Cauchy’s integral Formula; Liouville’s Theorem; Taylor’s Theorem and Laurent’s Theorem. Singular points; Residue; Cauchy’s Residue Theorem. Evaluation of residues; Contour integration; Conformal mapping. Lap lace Transforms: Definition: Lap lace transforms of some elementary functions; Sufficient conditions for existence of Lap lace transforms; Inverse Lap lace transforms. Lap lace transforms of derivatives. The unit step function; Periodic function; Some special theorems on Lap lace transforms; Partial fraction; Solutions of differential equations of Lap lace transforms; valuation of improper integrals.

Techniques for analysis of algorithms, Amortized Analysis, Methods for the design of efficient algorithms: divide and conquer, greedy method, dynamic programming, back tracking, branch and bound, Basic search and traversal techniques, Topological Sort, connected components; spanning trees, shortest paths, Flow Algorithms, NP-Completeness. Approximation Algorithms. Parallel Algorithms, Algebraic simplification and transformations, Lower bound theory, NP hard and NP complete problems.

Microprocessors and Microcomputers, Evolutions of microprocessors, Microprocessors application, general purpose and single chip Intel 8086/8088 Microprocessor, bit slice microprocessor, microprocessor, internal architecture, register architecture, programming model addressing modes, instruction set, flow control instructions, logic, shift and rotate instructions, multiplication and division instructions. Conditions tests, branches; control structures; subroutine arrays, string instructions tech display macros, 1/0 Control signals; interrupts and interrupt handling; memory management. Coprocessors. Idea of system design using 8086. An overview of Intel 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486 and Pentium microprocessors. Idea of RISC processors. Overview of Alpha processor

Frequency Distribution of Data, Population and sample, Collection and representation of statistical data. Tabulation of data, Class intervals, Frequency distribution, discrete, continuous and cumulative distributions. Histograms and frequency polygons, graphical representation of data. Statistical Measures: Measures of central tendency-rang, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, moments skew ness, kurtosis, Sampling: Sampling Techniques & its role, different types of sampling & its Merits & demerits. Correlation Theory: Linear correlation. Measures of correlation and its significance. Regression and Curve Fitting; Linear and non-liner regression. Methods of least squares Curve fitting. Probability: Definition of probability and related concepts. Laws of probability. Descrete and continuous random variables. Mathematical expectations. Conditional probability; Stochastic process: Markov chain (discrete and continuous) Queing Theory-Birth death process in queing, Queing models. (Elementary concepts) Time series - & its various components, study of trend. Index number, various types of index numbers, uses & importance of index number.

Finite Automata: Deterministic finite automata, Nondeterministic finite automata, Equivalence and conversion of deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata, Pushdown automata. Context free Languages; Context free grammars. Turing Machines; Basic machines, Configuration, Computing with Turing machines, Combing Turing machines.

Introduction to modulation techniques: Pulse modulation: pulse amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation. Pulse code modulation; quantization, Delta modulation TDM, FDM, OOK, FSK, PSK, QPSK; Representation of noise; threshold effects in PCM and FM. Probability of error for pulse systems. Concept of channel coding and capacity. Asynchronous and synchronous communication hardware interfaces, multiplexers, concentrators and buffer. Communication medium, Fiber optics.

Introduction to three phase circuits, alternators and transformers; Principles of operation of DC, synchronous, induction, universal and stepper motors; Thyristor and microprocessor-based control of motors. Instrumentation amplifiers; differential, logarithmic and chopper amplifiers; Frequency and voltage measurements using digital techniques; Recorder and display devices, spectrum analyzers and logic analyzers; Data acquisition and interfacing to microprocessor-based systems; Terminology, Transducers; types, principles and application of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, variable reactance and optoelectronic transducers; Noise reduction in instrumentation

HLML, DHTML, XML; JAVA SCRIPT, VB SCRIPT

Basic Database Concepts, conventional file processing; three level architecture. Communication with database systems, database management systems, Distributed database, database machines, database administration, The hierarchical, network and relational database models and their languages, Data description and data manipulation languages. Structured query languages (SQL). Storage representations and access methods. Database Components: Security, Data dictionary, transactions and recover, concurrent processing. Database implementation: Physical representation, query optimization, projects using and RDMS. Logic for relational databases; First order logic, relational calculus and algebra. Intelligent database: deductive database with natural language interface. Specific database system: BASE IV/FOXPRO, ORACLE, etc.

Introduction. Evolution. Goals and components of OS. Process management. Process states and state and transition, process control blocks, job and process scheduling scheduling level’s objective and criteria. CPU scheduling algorithms, process coordination’s critical section problems, semaphores, language constructs classical problems of process coordination’s. Under prices communications message and mailbox etc. 1/0 programming, Device management techniques. Interrupt processing. Parallel processing. Deadlock, prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery, Memory management, memory allocation schemes, paging and segmentation virtual memory, page replacement strategies, working sets, demand paging. Secondary storage management disk scheduling algorithms. File management: File system function file organization, logical and physical file maps, tree structured file systems. Space allocation, file catalogues, file access control mechanisms, operating systems security, Time sharing and virtual machines, Main features of MS-DOS, Unit and VSE Loader and linker. Windows 95 and its functions; Functions of Unix, Novell and Windows NT.

Financial Accounting: Objectives and importance of accounting; Accounting as and information system; Computerized system and applications in accounting. Recording system; double entry mechanism; accounts and their classification.; Accounting of financial statements considering adjusting and closing entries; Accounting concepts (principles) and conventions. Financial statement analysis and interpretation; ratio analysis. Cost and Management Accounting: Cost concepts and classification; Overhead cost; meaning and classification; Distribution of overhead cost; Overhead recovery method/rate; Job order costing: Preparation of job cost sheet and quotation price; Inventory valuation; absorption costing and marginal/variable costing technique; cost-Volume-Profit analysis; meaning, breakeven analysis, contribution margin approach, sensitivity analysis. Sort-term investment decisions: relevant and differential cost analysis. Long-term investment decisions; capital budgeting, various techniques of evaluation of capital investments.

Design and analysis techniques for VLSL circuits. Strick diagram and Geometric Layout. Design of reliable VLSI circuits, noise consideration, power dissipation. Design and operation of large fan out and fan in circuits, clocking methodologies, techniques for data path and data control design. Simulation techniques, Parallel processing, special purpose architectures in VLSI. VLSI layouts partitioning and placement routing and wiring in VLSI. Reliability aspects of VLSI design. (All designs must be considered for NMOS. CMOS and BICMOS technology.)

Fundamentals of compilers and interpreters. Context-free grammars, top down and bottom-up-parsing. Semantic processing, symbol, intermediate language, run-time storage organization, error recovery, processing declaration, translating procedures and functions. Attribute grammar and multipass translation, texical analysis and semantic analysis, code generation and optimization techniques.

Design using MSI and LSI components. Design of memory subsystem using SRAM and DRAM. Design of various components of a computer. ALU. Memory and control unit; hardwired and micro programmed. Microprocessor based designs. Computer bus standards. Design using special purpose controllers. Digital control system. Computers in telecommunication and control.

Diode logic gates, transistor switches, transistor gates, MO|S gates, Logic Families: TTL, ECL, IIL and CMOS logic with operation details. Propagation delay, product and noise inununity. Open collector and High impedance gates. Electronic circuits for flip-flops, counters and register, memory systems. PLA’s A/D and D/A converters with applications. S/H circuits LED, LCD and optically coupled oscillators. Non-linear applications of OP AMPs Analogue switches.

Large and integrated software: problem of software modification and maintenance. Program design tools and techniques: Top-down and bottom-up design; Design representations. Structured programming; Data directed design techniques; Modular design; object-oriented software engineering Approaches to Programming; Implementation Language; software tools. Complexity, storage and processing- time analysis: Complexity measures; memory requirements processing time. Program testing; statistics on testing process; Test methods; Classification of tests. Software reliability: Reliability theory; concept of software repair and availability; software errors and faults; Estimating number of bugs in a program; Reliability models; Available models; Data collection, Storage and retrieval. Management techniques: Requirements specifications and initial design; Performance, reliability and quality measures; Cost estimation; managing the development (CASE) tools. The design implementation of large multi-modules program systems.

Basic concepts. Statistical pattern recognition: Discriminate functions. Training, Learning, Syntactic Pattern Recognition; Grammar Based approaches, Recognition by parsing, Graphical approaches, Learning, via grammatical inference, Neural recognized: Neural nets, Pattern associator, Training by bock propagation. CAM approaches.

Network architectures – layered architectures and ISO reference model: data link protocols, error control, HDLC x25, flow and congestion control, virtual terminal protocol, data security, Local area networks. Satellite networks, packet radio networks, Introduction to ARPANET, SNA and DECNET, Topological design and queuing models for network and distributed computing systems.

This course aims at providing students with an understanding of online business in the context of today’s global business environment. As most business compete in a global environment today, a sound business strategy for online business is essential to facilitate this. The course will cover key areas of online business, including business to business, business to consumer, internet commerce, EDI, standard regulation and policy, principles and practices of online business security and social and economic issues.

Computational methods for solving problems in linear algebra, linear programming, nonlinear equations, approximations, iterations, methods of least squares, interpolation, integration and ordinary differential equations.

Study of problems in the field of Computer Science and Engineering

Symbolic computing using functional and logic programming languages….. Concept of declarative programming, Classification and evolution of declarative languages. Functional Programming: Mathematical background. Data flow analysis. Programming in LIPS: program design and styles; flow of control; Aoms and lists; List structures and processing, properties, cell notations and pointers. Logic programming: Mathematical background, Representation and arithmetic, 1/0 and memory operations and databases in PROLOG. Object oriented programming: Introduction to object- oriented programming style. Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and overloading. Object-orientation Classes. Declaring object. Member functions. Constructor and destructor, Extending classes. Multiple inheritance. Virtual functions. Dynamic objects, case tools. Knowledge Engineering: Representing knowledge: Logic, procedural representation, semantic networks, production systems. Semantic primitives, frames and scripts. Search: goal/data driven, top-down/bottom-up control, automatic backtracking, Knowledge-based systems design. Expert systems. Basic concepts of computer vision, roboti9cs, voice processing, etc. Fundamental concepts derived from the biological neuron. Characteristics of a single neuron, the perception and the construction of neuron networks, Implementation of neural networks by hardware and software. Properties of neural networks. Learning in neural networks. Application of neural networks.

International Financial System. Exchange rate, Rule of The world Bank & IMF and multilateral and bilateral aid agencies. This course focuses on the theories of international trade, globalization, organizational policies and strategies of multinational companies, WTO. Trade blocks, environment for international trade and world market pattern. It covers such issues as nature of international trade, foreign market development, market protection and market barriers, market research, information system for multinational trade, advertising and controlling the operations of world trade. Besides, terms used in foreign trade, import and export procedures, documents used and import & export policies of Bangladesh.

Study of problems in the field of Computer Science and Engineering.

Language for Graphics Display file compiles system software for interaction coordinate vector and matrix representation of 3-D objects transformation. Architecture of display device and connective to a computer implementation of graphics contents of 2-D viewing windowing chipping and transformation. Hidden surfaces and line algorithms light color and shading , curves and fractals. Adding faces for visual realism. Raster graphics concept: architecture, and other image synthesis methods, Design of interactive graphic conversion , future trends in computer graphics.

Information general concepts of formal information systems, analysis of information requirements for modern organization, modern data processing technology and its application, information system structures, designing information outputs, classifying and coding data, physical storage media considerations, logical data organization, systems analysis, general systems design detail systems design, Project management and documentation. Group development of an information system project. Includes all phases of software life cycles from requirement analysis to the completion of a fully implemented system.

Study of problems in the field of Computer Science and Engineering

Interfacing: Design and operation of interface between computer and the outside word; sensors, sensors, transducers and signal conditioning circuits, interfacing memory and 1/0 devices, such as monitors, printers disk drivers, optical displays, some special interface cards, stepper motor land and other peripheral devices. IEEE, 488, RS-232 and other buses. Study and application of peripheral chips including 8212, 815, 8255, 8251 Character peripherals: Key boards, printers (dot-matrix, laser, ink-jet). VDUS, computer graphics hardware, plotters, disc-drivers, CD-ROM

The Computer System: Computer interconnection structures, components and function interconnection, Bus interconnection, Internal and External; Memory; Computer memory system overview, Cache memory and its mapping functions. Virtual memory, secondary storage devices. Input/Output: External devices. 1/0 modules. Programmed and interrupt driven 1/0 channels and processors. External interfaces. The central processing unit: The arithmetic / Logic unit. Carry, look ahead adder, Integer and floating-point representation and arithmetic. Instruction sets; Machine instruction characteristics. Types of operands and operations. Addressing modes. Instruction formats. CPU structures and functions; processor organization. Register organization. Instruction cycle and instruction pipelining. The control unit: micro-operations, hardwired control and implementation. Micro-programmed control; Basic concepts. Micro instruction sequencing and execution. Grouping of signals. Bit-slice architecture. RISE & CLSC machines, Paralleled processing multiprocessing. Vector computation. Fault tolerant systems. Instruction execution characteristics. Use of large register file. RISE architecture. RISE pipe lining.